Integrand size = 9, antiderivative size = 232 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{18 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}-2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}+2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}} \]
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Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 232, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.778, Rules used = {205, 215, 648, 632, 210, 642, 211} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{18 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}-2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}+2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \log \left (-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )} \]
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Rule 205
Rule 210
Rule 211
Rule 215
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \int \frac {1}{a+b x^6} \, dx}{6 a} \\ & = \frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \int \frac {\sqrt [6]{a}-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{18 a^{11/6}}+\frac {5 \int \frac {\sqrt [6]{a}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{18 a^{11/6}}+\frac {5 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{18 a^{5/3}} \\ & = \frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{18 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{72 a^{5/3}}+\frac {5 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{72 a^{5/3}}-\frac {5 \int \frac {-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \int \frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2} \, dx}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}} \\ & = \frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{18 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{3}-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{3}-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}} \\ & = \frac {x}{6 a \left (a+b x^6\right )}+\frac {5 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{18 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}+\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{36 a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{24 \sqrt {3} a^{11/6} \sqrt [6]{b}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 192, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.83 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {\frac {12 a^{5/6} x}{a+b x^6}+\frac {20 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {10 \arctan \left (\sqrt {3}-\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {10 \arctan \left (\sqrt {3}+\frac {2 \sqrt [6]{b} x}{\sqrt [6]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt [6]{b}}-\frac {5 \sqrt {3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{\sqrt [6]{b}}+\frac {5 \sqrt {3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt {3} \sqrt [6]{a} \sqrt [6]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{b} x^2\right )}{\sqrt [6]{b}}}{72 a^{11/6}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 4.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 46, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.20
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x}{6 a \left (b \,x^{6}+a \right )}+\frac {5 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{6} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5}}\right )}{36 b a}\) | \(46\) |
default | \(\frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x}{18 a^{2} \left (x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}+\frac {5 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{18 a^{2}}-\frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x}{36 a^{2} \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\, \sqrt {3}}{36 a^{2} \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}+\frac {5 \sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \ln \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{72 a^{2}}+\frac {5 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}+\sqrt {3}\right )}{36 a^{2}}-\frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x}{36 a^{2} \left (x^{2}-\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a}{b}}\, \sqrt {3}}{36 a^{2} \left (x^{2}-\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}-\frac {5 \sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \ln \left (x^{2}-\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{72 a^{2}}+\frac {5 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}-\sqrt {3}\right )}{36 a^{2}}\) | \(343\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 351 vs. \(2 (158) = 316\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 351, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.51 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {10 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) - 10 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (-a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) + 5 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2} + \sqrt {-3} {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (\sqrt {-3} a^{2} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) - 5 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2} + \sqrt {-3} {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (\sqrt {-3} a^{2} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) - 5 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2} - \sqrt {-3} {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (\sqrt {-3} a^{2} - a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) + 5 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2} - \sqrt {-3} {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, {\left (\sqrt {-3} a^{2} - a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{11} b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + x\right ) + 12 \, x}{72 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.17 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{6 a^{2} + 6 a b x^{6}} + \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (2176782336 t^{6} a^{11} b + 15625, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (\frac {36 t a^{2}}{5} + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 204, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{6 \, {\left (a b x^{6} + a^{2}\right )}} + \frac {5 \, {\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} \log \left (b^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} + \sqrt {3} a^{\frac {1}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}} x + a^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{\frac {5}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}}} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \log \left (b^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} - \sqrt {3} a^{\frac {1}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}} x + a^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{a^{\frac {5}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}}} + \frac {4 \, \arctan \left (\frac {b^{\frac {1}{3}} x}{\sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}}\right )}{a^{\frac {2}{3}} \sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}} + \frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, b^{\frac {1}{3}} x + \sqrt {3} a^{\frac {1}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}}}{\sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}}\right )}{a^{\frac {2}{3}} \sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}} + \frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, b^{\frac {1}{3}} x - \sqrt {3} a^{\frac {1}{6}} b^{\frac {1}{6}}}{\sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}}\right )}{a^{\frac {2}{3}} \sqrt {a^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{\frac {1}{3}}}}\right )}}{72 \, a} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 205, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{6 \, {\left (b x^{6} + a\right )} a} + \frac {5 \, \sqrt {3} \left (a b^{5}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{72 \, a^{2} b} - \frac {5 \, \sqrt {3} \left (a b^{5}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{72 \, a^{2} b} + \frac {5 \, \left (a b^{5}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {3} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{36 \, a^{2} b} + \frac {5 \, \left (a b^{5}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {3} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{36 \, a^{2} b} + \frac {5 \, \left (a b^{5}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )}{18 \, a^{2} b} \]
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Time = 5.59 (sec) , antiderivative size = 242, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.04 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+b x^6\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{6\,a\,\left (b\,x^6+a\right )}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^{1/6}\,x\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/6}}\right )\,5{}\mathrm {i}}{18\,{\left (-a\right )}^{11/6}\,b^{1/6}}+\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^{29/6}\,x\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{35/6}\,\left (\frac {3125\,b^{14/3}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,b^{14/3}\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}\right )}-\frac {3125\,\sqrt {3}\,b^{29/6}\,x}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{35/6}\,\left (\frac {3125\,b^{14/3}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,b^{14/3}\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}\right )}\right )\,\left (5+\sqrt {3}\,5{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{36\,{\left (-a\right )}^{11/6}\,b^{1/6}}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^{29/6}\,x\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{35/6}\,\left (\frac {3125\,b^{14/3}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,b^{14/3}\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}\right )}+\frac {3125\,\sqrt {3}\,b^{29/6}\,x}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{35/6}\,\left (\frac {3125\,b^{14/3}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,b^{14/3}\,3125{}\mathrm {i}}{7776\,{\left (-a\right )}^{17/3}}\right )}\right )\,\left (-5+\sqrt {3}\,5{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{36\,{\left (-a\right )}^{11/6}\,b^{1/6}} \]
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